Vortex diffuser fluid bearing device

ABSTRACT

A fluid bearing load supporting system having unidirectional and omnidirectional capabilities which embodies means for forming one or a plurality of fluid vortices for separating a body from a supporting surface by an intervening cushion of fluid, providing therewith an extremely low coefficient of friction that facilitates a conveyance of the body for the purposes of transportation, processing, treatment and the like.

United States Patent Neumann et al. Sept. 2, 1975 VORTEX DIFFUSER FLUID BEARING 2,805,898 9/1957 Willis ..302/29 DEVICE 3,140,853 7 1964 Lindncr.... 308/D1G. 1 3,160,443 12/1964 Harris et a1. 302/2 R [75] Inventors: John W. Neumann, Blrmmgham, 3,231,165 1/ 1966 Wallin $1.211. 302 29 Mich.; Harry A. Mackie, Raleigh, 3,580,640 5/1971 Eriksson 302/2 R N C 3,719,316 3/1973 Frye 226/97 3,762,619 10/1973 Leavett..... 226/97 1 Assigneei Oxy Metal Industries Corporation, 3,767,097 10 1973 Watts 226 97 W M' h. I FOREIGN PATENTS OR APPLICATIONS [22] 1973 927,720 6/1963 United Kingdom 302/2 R [21] Appl. No.: 388,220

Primary Examiner-Char1es J. Myhre Related Apphcanon Data Assistant ExaminrR. H. Lazarus [62] g g l ggggf 1258251 March 1971 Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Harness, Dickey & Pierce 7 AB TRA T [52] US. Cl 226/97; 271/195; 302/2 R; [5 1 t S 3O2/29 A fluid bearing load supporting system having un1d1- 51 Int. Cl. B65h 17/32 fictional and Omnidirectional capabilities which [58] Field of Search 308/5 302/29 31 2 bodies means for forming one or a plurality of fluid 271/195. vortices for separating a body from a supporting surface by an intervening cushion of fluid, providing [56] References Cited therewith an extremely low coefficient of friction that facilitates a conveyance of the body for the purposes UNITED STATES PATENTS 308/9 of transportation, processing, treatment and the like. 2,683,635 7 1954 Wilcox 1 2,778,691 1/1957 Hazel 302/2 R 6 Claims, 33 Drawing g PATENTEDSEP 219% 3,902,647

sum 5 0F 1 VORTEX DIFFUSER BEARING DEVICE This is a division, of applicationSjen No. 125,251,

filed Mar. 17,1971 now Us. Pat. No.3,,7s2.791.

BACKGROUND OF THE. INVENTION A variety of techniques and systems have heretofore been used or suggestedfor use for supportingloads on a cushion of air which facilitates movement of the load due to. the. extremely low. frictional characteristics of such air cushions. A basic form. of such prior art air bearing devices comprises \a substantially flatload supporting bearing planezwhich is disposed inclose parallel spacedclearance relationship relative to the ground or other supporting'surface, defining therebetween a clearance gap through which air is pumped and exerts .the vertical force necessary, to supportthe load. ;A disadvantage of foregoing air bearing device is that the clearance gapmustbe kept relativelysinall in order to keep the air flow requirementswithin reasonable limits and the supporting surface over which the device operates must be relatively flat and true to provide satisfactory performance.

substantially flat body which exerts a lifting force as a result of the combined force of the jet striking the ground surface and the pressurized bubble of air entrapped within the periphery of the curtainous jet. The air caster, on the other hand, employs a flexible diaphragm which is filled with air and is provided with ap-. propriate ports through which air flows and escapes around the periphery of the diaphragm, forming a clearance gap on which the body issupported in a manner somewhat similar to that of the basic airbearing device.

Various modifications of the foregoing three types of ground effect vehicles have been suggested but, at least toLthis date, have not received widespread commercial acceptance because of one or more deficiencies in their adaptation to a specific end use. Such prior art type ground eflect devices are further restricted to an operation in which the air flow is employed to lift a load vertically relative to a supporting ground surface or, alter- .natively, by a reversal in the direction of flow to effect a lifting of a load in response to movement toward an overhead supporting surface as the .case. rnay be. Such prior art air bearing devices have heretofore been installed directly on vehiclesor movable members to facilitate movement thereof'jover aground supporting surface requiring the provision of an appropriate air pumping system oneachsuch vehicle. or member so equipped. 1

The vortex .diffuserfluid bearing device comprising,

the present invention provides a unique approach to v supporting bodies on a cushion of air or other fluid substance, whereby opposing forces are concurrently ims posed on a body-which are maintained in appropriate dynamic equilibriumsuch that thebody is retained in a spaced clearance relationship relative to an adjacent surface. The means for forming one or a pluralityof fluid vortices can readily be. incorporated in a stationary frame or rail for movably supporting the article or vehicle for unidirectional. or omnidirectional movement relative thereto. a

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION The benefits and advantages of the present invention are achieved by an'ai r or fluid bearing device comprising a member formed with at least one cavity therein having an openingat asurface of said member, from which a pressurized fluid is discharged in the form of a .vortex which is adapted to coact with a body disposed in spaced relationship relativeto said surface in a manner to concurrently apply attracting. and repelling forces thereto that are jin dynamic. equilibrium, whereby the body maintained in appropriate spaced relationship on a substantially frictionless cushion of fluid The vortex diffuser fluid bearing device, in view of it s unique ability vto impose pushpull forces on objects disposed adjacent thereto, can readily be employed in a large varity of uses, of which the support and conveyance of objects on a cushion of air constitutes a particularly.satisfactory adaptation.

In one of the embodiments of the present invention, a plurality of cavities are formed in the member, each of which is disposed incommunication with a suitable source of a pressurized gas and wherein one or a plurality ofinlet jets are incorporated in each cavity which, by variation in location, size and number,.ir npose a controlled unidirectional or omnidirectional force on objects supported thereby. The embodiment in which the member is in the form of an elongated rail provides means for simple transport of loads including vehicles, as well as for conveyance of workpieces, through one or a plurality. of sequentially-phased processing steps. While for most purposes air is employed as thefluidfor forming the vortices and supporting fluid cushion, it is also contemplated that alternative. gaseous and liquid substances can be employed for providing a selected treatment including combustible gases whichcan be ignited upon discharge from one or a plurality of vortex cavities to effect av heating of the objects supported thereby. Additional benefits and advantages of the present invention will become apparent upon a reading of the description of the preferred embodiments, taken in con-.

' junction with the accompanying drawings.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION oi THE DRAWINGS FIG. 1 is a fragmentary. side elevational view of an air rail on which a circular cylindrical article is movably supported in accordance one of the present invention; v a a a FIG. 2 is a transverse vertical sectional view through the air rail shown in FIG. l'g and taken substantially along the line 2-2 thereof; I a v FIG. 3 is a fragmentary plan view of the air rail section shownin FIG. 1

of the embodiments.

. .FIG, 4 is a perspective view showing a fragmentary:

section of the underside surface of theair rail and with the ends appropriately chamfered for interfittingly connecting such sections together, forming .a substantially continuous rail;j a n FIG. 5 is a diag'rammaticperspective view illustrating,

' the variations in pressure actingupon a cylindrical object as measured along longitudinally spaced transverse sections of an air rail adjacent to a vortex diffuser;

FIG. 6 is a schematic transverse sectional view of the differential pressures acting upon acylindrical object supported in the air rail adjacent to a vortex dilTuser taken along one of the transverse sections as shown in FIG. 5; i

FIG. 7 is a schematic plan view illustrating the arrangement of jets and the transverse line along which the pressure differentials illustrated in FIG. 6 were.

taken; I FIG. 8 is a fragmentary-perspective view of a vortex diffuser provided with a recess along aportion of the edge thereof for imparting an'increased directional FIG. 25 is a fragmentary plan view of an air rail incorporating an arcuate offset section disposed in a horizontal plane;

FIG. 26 is a transverse vertical sectional view similar to FIG. 2 but wherein two air rails are employed which are disposed in diametrically opposed relationship;

FIG. 27 is a transverse vertical sectional view similar to FIG. 26' but wherein three air rails are employed whicha're disposed at substantially equal angular increm'e'nts for supporting a cylindrical object therebetween; 'FIG. 28 is a side'elevational view of a linear motor in accordance with an alternative satisfactory embodiment of the present invention;

FIG. 29 is a horizontaltransverse sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 28 as taken substantially along the line 2929 thereof;

FIG. 30 is a transverse vertical sectional view of the device shown in FIG. 28 and taken substantially along the line 3030 thereof.

FIG. 31 is a fragmentary plan view of an 'air rail section provided with an aspirator for introducing air into the vortex diffuser cavities thereof;

FIG. 32 is atransverse vertical section view through the air rail shown in FIG. 3 and taken substantially along the line 32 32 thereof;

FIG. 33' is a transverse verticalsectional view of an air 'rail similar to that shown in FIG. 2 and incorporating a helical induction element for heating the cylindrical articles conveyed therealong.

DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS Referring now in detail to the drawings, and as may be best seen in FIGS. 1 and 2, the vortex diffuser air bearing device is shownin the form of an air rail having a plurality of vortex diffusers or cavities l2 disposed at longitudinally spaced increments therealong. The air rail assembly 10 comprises an air rail section 14 which, in the exemplary embodiment shown, is formed with an arcuate concave' supporting surface '16 of a configuration corresponding substantially to the peripheral contour of an object, such as a workpiece con tainer 18', movably supported thereon. A manifold section is securely affixed to the underside of the air rail assembly I0 defining a supply chamber 22 from which a pressurized gaseous'suhstance is supplied to each of thevortex diffusers I2. The interior of the supply chamber 22 may suitably be connected to a source of pressurized gas by means of a supply conduit 24 as illustrated in FIG. 2.

As best seen in FIGS. '2-4, each'of the vortex diffusers or cavities I2 is'dispose'd in communication with the supply chamber 22 by means'of four vertical ports or orifices 25, each of which communicates with one of four tangentially oriented jets 26, whereby the pressurized gas enters'adjacent to 'the baseof the vortex d-iffuser and moves in a helical manner outwardly toward the open end thereof, at which it comes in contact with the surface of an article -disposed in clearance relationship relative to the arcuate concave-surface 16. The orifices 25 are of a size in relation to the pressure and volume of air in the supply chamber 22 such that the flow of air into each vortex 'diffus'er'is substantially independent and unaffected by variations in flow rates of adjacent vortex diffusers. In the exemplary embodimentillustrated the discharge of the gas in the form of a vortex from each of the vortex diffusers forms an air cushion between the periphery of the object and the arcuate ccn cave surface 16, which is defined by a clearance gap 28 as shown in FIG. 2.

The provision of four jets 26 disposed at substantially equal circumferential increments provides for the formation of a substantially uniform vortex of gas which does not have a residual linear component that tends to cause unilateral movement of the container 18 along the airrail assembly. Accordingly, the container may remain at rest'along selected stations and can be selectively propelled by means of the provision "of an auxiliary jet 30, as shown in FIG. I, which is oriented so as to impinge 'upon the workpiece container 18, tending to propel ittoward the right as viewed in FIG. I. The auxiliary jet 30 may suitably be connected to the same source of pressurized gas or air employed in supplying the manifoldof the air rail assembly and may operate continuously or may be pulsed intermittently as may be desired to achieve the appropriate conveyance of 'the container or article. t

In a similar manner. rotation of the workpiece container I8 can be achieved by a second auxiliary jet 32, ast'shown in FIG. 2, which is oriented laterally of the path of travel of the container I8 and is adapted to continuously or intermittently discharge a gaseous stream for imparting rotation to the container in a generally clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG. 2. As will be noted in FIGS. I and 2, the supply lines connected to auxiliary jets 30 and 32 may suitably be provided with flow control valves 34 for regulating the quantity of gas discharged therefrom to provide the desired accelera' tion, deceleration velocity and/or rotation of the container, as may be desired.

The novel combination of forces applied to articles supported adjacent to the air rail is illustrated in the schematic drawings comprising FIGS. 5-7. The particular pressure pattern will vary depending on the configuration of the air rail surface 16, the pressure and velocity of the gas forming'the vortex in each of the cavities 12, the configuration and conformation of the peripheral surface of an object relative to the surface of the air rail section, the density of'the gaseous substance, the weight of the object. the spacing or distance of the clearance gap defining the cushion of gas, the velocity of travel of the object along the air rail, the longitudinal spacing of adjacent vortex diffusers, the number and position or orientation of jets disposed in communication with each of the vortex diffusers for supplying the pressurized gas thereto. the specific contour or and wherein the air rail section 14' is formed with-an arcuate concave surface. l6 which overlies approximately 38 percent of the peripheral circular cylindrical surface of the container. The vortex diffuser 12 itself is formed with two jets diagrammaticallyindicated at 26', which permit air at room temperature and at a pressure of l psig to enter in accordance with the direction of the arrows, forming a vortex rotating in a substantially counterclockwise direction as viewed in FIG. 7. The container 18' is typical of those employed for packaging beverages and comprises a thin-walled circular cylindrical workpiece having one closed end and having a diameter of about 2 /2 inches and alength of about 4 /8 inches.

FIG. 5 illustrates the pressure differential pattern obtained at fourteen points along each of six transverse planes A-F. with the profile disposed above the lines A-F denoting a superatmospheric pressure, while those portions below denote a subatmospheric pressure reading. Each traverse of pressure readings along transverse lines A-F were made in a manner as typified by transverse C shown in FIG. 6. In the arrangement illustrated schematically in FIG. 6, the periphery of the can 18' corresponds to a pressure reading equivalent to atmospheric pressure such that the profile extending inwardly of the can denotes a positive pressure, while that projecting downwardly and exteriorly of the can periphery denotes a subatmospheric pressure. As noted in FIG. 6, the flow of air outwardly through the clearance gap 28' to each side of the vortex diffuser 12' exerts a positive pressure on the container 18, which tends to lift the can I8 upwardly and away from the arcuate surface 16'. On the other hand, a subatmospheric pressure is exerted on the container in the region corresponding to the vortex diffuser 12, which draws the container downwardly toward the arcuate surface 16.

Variations of the foregoing pressure pattern are obtained along the traverses A, B and DF, as shown. in

applied to the container, it will be appreciated that the vortex diffuser fluid bearing device comprising the present invention can be disposed in positions other than immediately beneath a container or articleto be' supported but may also be disposed above such objects under conditions in which the attractive force is suffi-' cient to overcome the gravitational pull on the objects.

q In accordance with the foregoing operation characteristics of the air rail assembly, it will be appreciated that a variety of alternative satisfactory constructions can be employed consistent with the intended end use of the air rail system and the nature of the objects or articles'to be conveyed therealong. In the specific embodiment shown in FIGS. 1-4, each air rail section 14 may conveniently be cast or extruded of metal, plastic or other suitable material in the form of individual sections having Z-shaped end sections indicated at 36 in FIG. 3, which serve to assure accurate alignment of adjacent sections. The individual air rail sections 14 can be securely fastened to the upper surface of the manifold section 20 by means of a series of screws 38 having the head portions thereof disposed in countersunk relationship relative to the arcuate concave surface 16.

Alternative satisfactory variations of the embodiment as illustrated in FIGS. 1-4 can be made such as, for example, by providing the air rail section with a flat, convex or contoured surface in lieu of the concave surface 16 in order to accommodate an appropriately contoured object to be movably supported thereon. It will be further appreciated that while the air rail assembly as described is intended primarily to be stationary with the container or other objects movable relative thereto, it is also contemplated that the air rail assembly itself may be affixed to a movable member which in turn is transportable on a cushion of air relative to an appropriately contoured or flat supporting or ground surface.

As previously indicated, when the device is employed solely for the purposes of conveyance and/or transportation of articles, the fluid substance discharged conventionally comprises air. It will be understood, however, that alternative fluids can be used including liquids and fluid mixtures such as aerosols comprising a carrier gas incorporating minute droplets of liquid therein, as well as gases incorporating solid particles suspended therein, in addition to combinations of the foregoing. The use of such alternative fluid substances is desirable when the vortex diffuser fluid bearing device, is employed for effecting a simultaneous conveyance and processing of workpieces supported thereby. Such selected treatments can be achieved in a prescribed sequentially-phasedmanner by changing the type of fluid substance discharged from selected sections of the air rail assembly such that each workpiece is subjected to a prescribed treatment during its travel along each such section. By selecting theappropriate gaseous substance, workpieces such as the-container- 18 in FIG. 1 can be subjected to treatments including cleaning, etching, conversion coating, surface coating or painting, electrostatic coating applications, electrocoating or painting, heat treating, baking, drying, cooling, quenching, lubricating, etc.

In addition to the provision of auxiliary nozzles 30, 32 as shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, respectively, the vortex diffuser 12 can be modified such that the edge thereof, at its juncture with the surface 16, is rounded or recessed as at 40, as shown in FIG. 8, which tends to create an unbalance in the forces acting on a supported article, tending to propel the article in a linear direction along the rail support. A selected disposition of the jets in a non-uniform manner relative to each vortex diffuser cavity alone or in further combination with the provision of suitable auxiliary jets can provide, in addition to a levitation of the object, an appropriate accel- FIGS. 1-3 of the drawings, alternative satisfactory configurations can be employed in order to attain desired variations in the configuration of the fluid vortex produced and the pressure pattern thereof. As noted in FIG. 9, a vortex diffuser 42 is shown having a substantially square transverse cross sectional configuration. A vortex diffuser 44 is illustrated in FIG. which is of a substantially equilateral triangular transverse cross sectional configuration. Pressurized fluid is supplied to the vortex diffusers 42, 44 by means of jets 46 such that the fluid rotates in a circular direction as illustrated by the arrows in FIGS. 9 and 10, forming a vortex. It will be appreciated that although the vortex diffusers of FIGS. 9 and 10 are of a configuration other than circular, the fluid has a tendency to form static portions in the corners of such irregularly-shaped cavities whereby a central substantially circular operative section is created. Due to the turbulence of the fluid in such irregularly-shapedvortex diffusers 42, 44, some reduction in efficiency is usually encountered and for' this reason vortex diffusers of a substantially circular transverse cross sectional configuration are generally preferred.

It is also contemplated that a 'vortex diffuser 48 of a generally scroll-shaped configuration, as shown in FIG. 1 1, can be employed to advantage in some instances for providing a' highly efficient configuration for producing a vortex. In the vortex diffuser 48, a jet 50is disposed with its axis substantially tangential to the periphery of the cavity defining the vortex diffuser, minimizing turbulence.

Alternative satisfactory longitudinal cross sectional configurations of vortex diffusers are illustrated in FIGS. 12-23. The vortex diffusers as illustrated in these figures are of a substantially circular transverse cross sectional configuration and vary in diameter and/or contour on moving outwardly from an inlet jet 52 toward the face surface 54 thereof, whereby a desired variation in the vortex discharged therefrom is attained. In FIG. 12, a vortex diffuser 56 is shown which is of substantially equal diameter along the length thereof and is formed with a flat bottom wall 58. The pressurized fluid is adapted to be discharged in a subs'tantially'tangential direction into the vortex difi'user 56 through the jet 52 in a direction substantially parallel to the plane of the bottom wall 58. The arrangement shown in FIG. 12, while somewhat similar to the vortex diffuser 12 shown in FIGS. 1-3, is illustrative of still a further embodiment of the present invention in which a port or aperture 60 is formed in the base of the vortex diffuser 56 for supplying the same or an alternative fluid to or withdrawing fluid from the interior of the cavity to provide a desired variation in'the flow and pressure pattern of the vortex discharged therefrom. The port or aperture 60 is connected to a suitable source of prcssurizedfluid (not shown) for supplying the supplemental fluid thereto. Such supplemental fluid may include, for example, a combustible gas which, upon admixture with air supplied to the jet 52, is adapted to burn adjacent to the-face'surface 54 for heating an object movably supported adjacent thereto.

Alternatively, the port 60 can be connected to a suit able source of a reduced pressure for extracting a controlled amount of fluid from the vortex diffuser cavity on a continuous or intermittent basis as may be desirec to achieve a preselected effect.

A vortex difi'user 62 is illustrated in FIG. 13, which is of a conical converging configuration; whereas a vortex diffuser 64 is shown in FIG. 14 of a conical outwardly diverging configuration. A vortex diffuser 66 is shown in FIG. 15 which is of a substantially cylindrical configuration and is provided with an annular shoulder 68 of a reduced diameter adjacent to the face surface 54. A vortex diffuser 70 is illustrated in FIG. 16 comprised of a substantially cylindrical lower section 72 and a conical converging outer section 74.

FIG. 17 illustrates a vortex diffuser 76 having an annular shoulder 78 of reduced diameter which is formed with achamfered edge, indicated at 80, at its inner end. A vortex diffuser 82 is shown in FIG. 18 whichis of a converging square stepped configuration on moving from the inside thereof outwardly toward the face surface 54. A divergent vortex diffuser 84 is shown in FIG. 19 in which the side walls thereof are of a parabolic curvature.

A vortex diffuser 86 is shown in FIG. 20 which is of a substantially circular cylindrical configuration and incorporates a substantially concentric central cylindrical-core 88 forming an annular cavity. A vortex diffuser 90, as illustrated in FIG. 21, is similar to that shown in FIG. 20 but the central core 92 is of a truncated conical configuration. It will be noted in FIGS. 20 and 22 that the end portions of central cores 88, 92 terminate at a point disposed in the plane of the face surface 54.

A vortex diffuser 94 is illustrated in FIG. 22 which is formed with outwardly divergent arcuate walls and a conical central core 96 terminating at a point lying in the plane of the face surface 54. A vortex diffuser 98 is shown in FIG. 23 which is formed with a substantially circular cylindrical outer wall and an arcuate central core 100 disposed concentrically thereof which terrninates at a point spaced inwardly of the plane of the face surface 54.

It will be appreciated that still other alternative configurations of vortex diffusers from those shown in FIGS. 9 through 23 can be employed in order to provide the desired operating characteristics consistent with the intended end use of the system.

In addition to substantially straight sections of the air rail as shown in FIGS. 1-3, it is also contemplated that the air rail can be formed in arcuate configurations disposed in vertical and horizontal planes. An air rail 102 is fragmentarily shown in FIG. 24, along which a plurality of containers 104 are movably supported and are advanced in a generally clockwise direction, as viewed in FIG- 24, around an arcuate end section which is disposed in a substantially vertical plane. In order to retain the containers 104 on the arcuate end section, it is usually desired to position the vortex diffusers at closer increments to assure that at least one such vortex diffuser will at all times be in operative contact with the surface of such container. In a similar manner, a rail 106 is shown in FIG. 25 which incorporates an arcuate S- shaped offset section therein, along which the containers 108 are movably transported.

In the various fluid rail arrangements previously described, a single rail is employed for forming the cushion of fluid on which the articles are movably supported. It is also contemplated within the scope of the present invention that two or more fluid rail assemblies can be employed for providing a clamping effect upon articles movably supported therebetween. FIG. 26 illustrates the use of two fluid rail assemblies 110 which are disposed in diametrically opposed relationship for supporting an article such as a cylindrical container 112 therebetween. Similarly, FIG. 27 illustrates the use of three fluid rail assemblies 114 which are disposed at substantially equal arcuate increments for movably supporting an article such as the substantially cylindrical container 116 therebetween.

In addition to providing or conveyance of objects and/or a treatment thereof, the vortex diffuser of the present invention can also be employed as a linear motor, such as illustrated in FIGS; 2 8-30. As shown, the device comprises a pair of substantially flat opposed platens 118, each formed with four vortex diffusers 120 to which a presssurized fluid, such as air, is supplied from plenums 122. The face surfaces of the platens 118 are spaced apart at a distance sufficient to accommodate a strip or sheet 124 which is supported substantially centrally therebetween by a fluid cushion on each face surface thereof. A propelling force in a unilateral direction is applied to the strip 124 by oreinting jets 126 of the vortex diffusers 120 such that a net propulsive force is exerted by each such vortex diffuser in the direction of the arrows as shown in FIG. 29. Accordingly, the strip 124 is adapted to be continuously advanced in a direction from left to right, as viewed in FIG. 28, while supported on a substantially frictionless fluid cushion.

The strip 124 of the linear motor shown in FIG. 28 may be of a closed loop configuration with the ends thereof trained around suitable shafts or pulleys for converting the linear movement thereof to a rotary movementas may be desiredqln addition, the device shown in FIGS. 2831 can also be employed as a tensioning device for applying and/or maintaining a preselected tension on a strip or sheet which can be varied by controlling the pressure of fluid discharged from the v vortex diffusers.

An alternative arrangement for supplying an appropriate volume of pressurized fluid to the vortex difi'users of a rail is illustrated in FIGS. 31 and 32. In the specific embodiment illustrated, an aspirator effect is employed whichis driven by a low volume high pressure supply of fluid which is operative to entrain substantially larger volumes of low pressure fluid which, in combination, are discharged from angular jets 128 into vortex diffusers 130 of a rail 132. The supply of the high pressure fluid, such as air, enters a manifold 134 through a supply pipe 136 and is discharged through aligned ports 138 into the'angular jets 128. The aspirating effect formed by the high-velocity discharge of pressurized air into the jets 128 causes air in the surrounding atmosphere, as shown in FIG. 32, to be drawn into the outer end of the jets 128, the opening of which is controlled by a metering plate 140.

An arrangement is illustrated in FIG. 33 whereby an article 142, such as a container, while movably supported on an air rail section 144, can be heated by a he lically wound induction coil 146 to provide a desired degree of heat treatment, drying, etc.

While it will be apparent that the invention herein disclosed is well calculated to achieve the benefits and advantages hereinabove set forth, it will be appreciated that the invention is susceptible to modification, variation and change without departing from the spirit thereof.

What is claimed is:

1. A fluid bearing web tensioning device comprising a pair of threedimensional members each having one surface disposed in spaced substantially parallel opposed relationship and formed with at least one cavity extending inwardly of each said one surface, supply means disposed in communication with each said cavity for supplying a fluid thereto in a manner to cause said fluid to travel in a helical direction aboout the axis of each said cavity in the form of a vortex and outwardly beyond said one surface: of each member, a web disposed between said members and in overlying spaced relationship and outside of the opening of each said cavity and said one surface therearound and separated from said one surface and movably supported by a cushion of said fluid, said fluid discharged from each said cavity outwardly between each said one surface and the adjacent surface of said web for simultaneously longitudinally of each said one surface in a manner to apply a preselected tension to said web.

2. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, wherein each said one surface is substantially planar.

3. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, wherein each said member is provided with a plurality of said cavities disposed at spaced locations across said one surface, said cavities in one said member disposed in substantial opposed axial alignment relative to said cavities in the other said member.

4. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 3, in which each member is provided with four of said cavities.

5. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined .in claim 1, wherein said supply means includes a jet disposed in communication with each said cavity and said propelling force applied to said web is achieved by positioning said jet in each said cavity to effect a discharge of the fluid from said cavity in a manner to apply a net propelling force to said web in a unilateral direction. I

6. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, further characterized by each said member further including a recess in said one surface at its juncture with a cavity to accelerate escape of the fluid from said cavity between said one surface and the adjacent surface of said web creating an unbalance in the fluid forces acting on said web and thereby imposing a unilateral force on said web for applying a preselected tension thereto. 

1. A fluid bearing web tensioning device comprising a pair of three-dimensional members each having one surface disposed in spaced substantially parallel opposed relationship and formed with at least one cavity extending inwardly of each said one surface, supply means disposed in communication with each said cavity for supplying a fluid thereto in a manner to cause said fluid to travel in a helical direction aboout the axis of each said cavity in the form of a vortex and outwardly beyond said one surface of each member, a web disposed between said members and in overlying spaced relationship and outside of the opening of each said cavity and said one surface therearound and separated from said one surface and movably supported by a cushion of said fluid, said fluid discharged from each said cavity outwardly between each said one surface and the adjacent surface of said web for simultaneously applying an attractive and a separating force to said web, the vortices discharged from the cavities further applying a propelling force to said web in a direction longitudinally of each said one surface in a manner to apply a preselected tension to said web.
 2. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, wherein each said one surface is substantially planar.
 3. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, wherein each said member is provided with a plurality of said cavities disposed at spaced locations across said one surface, said cavities in one said member disposed in substantial opposed axial alignment relative to said cavities in the other said member.
 4. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 3, in which each member is provided with four of said cavities.
 5. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, wherein said supply means includes a jet disposed in communication with each said cavity and said propelling force applied to said web is achieved by positioning said jet in each said cavity to effect a discharge of the fluid from said cavity in a manner to apply a net propelling force to said web in a unilateral direction.
 6. The fluid bearing web tensioning device as defined in claim 1, further characterized by each said member further including a recess in said one surface at its juncture with a cavity to accelerate escape of the fluid from said cavity between said one surface and the adjacent surface of said web creating an unbalance in the fluid forces acting on said web and thereby imposing a unilateral force on said web for applying a preselected tension thereto. 